Monochloroacetic acid (MCA, ClCH2COOH) is a crystalline organic acid carrying a reactive chlorine atom on its carbon chain; it is used mainly in the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), in betaine-type surfactants, in herbicide synthesis and as an alkylation/carboxymethylation agent across many fine chemicals.

What is monochloroacetic acid?

MCA is a halogenated carboxylic acid formed when one hydrogen on the alpha carbon of acetic acid is replaced by chlorine. The reactivity of the chlorine atom lets it react readily with nucleophiles (alcohols, amines, cellulose hydroxyls), making it a versatile carboxymethylation reagent. At room temperature it is a colorless-to-white crystalline solid, soluble in water and many organic solvents.

What is MCA used for?

MCA's industrial importance comes from its reactive chlorine atom. Key applications include:

  • Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) production — the single largest use, as a thickener and stabilizer in food, detergents, pharma and drilling fluids.
  • Betaine-type surfactants — via sodium monochloroacetate in the betainization of amidoamines (e.g. CAPB).
  • Herbicides and agrochemicals — an intermediate in actives such as 2,4-D and glyphosate derivatives.
  • Synthesis of thioglycolic acid, pharmaceutical intermediates, dyes and vitamins.
  • Surface treatment and various fine-chemical carboxymethylation reactions.
ORGANİK KİMYASALLARMonochloroacetic Acid (MCA)MCA in the KORKİMYA portfolio is offered in technical grades for CMC and betaine manufacturers.

Its role in the CMC and betaine chain

In CMC production, MCA (usually as its sodium salt) reacts with the hydroxyl groups of alkali cellulose to add carboxymethyl groups, yielding a water-soluble anionic cellulose derivative. In betaine chemistry, sodium monochloroacetate reacts with DMAPA-derived amidoamines to form amphoteric surfactants. In both chains, the purity of MCA and its low dichloroacetic acid content determine the quality of the finished product.

Safe handling and storage

MCA is highly toxic, corrosive and absorbable through the skin; skin contact can cause severe burns and systemic poisoning. Impervious protective clothing, gloves, eye/face protection and effective ventilation are essential; always follow the current SDS and keep emergency shower/eyewash access.
  • Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
  • Keep away from food, feed, bases and strong oxidizers.
  • Protect from moisture; contact with water forms a corrosive solution.
  • Use containers of suitable chemical-resistant material (e.g. suitably lined or stainless).
What is monochloroacetic acid used for?

MCA is used most in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) production and is also a carboxymethylation agent for betaine surfactants, herbicides, thioglycolic acid and various pharma/dye intermediates.

Is MCA the same as chloroacetic acid?

Yes. 'Chloroacetic acid' usually refers to monochloroacetic acid (single chlorine). Di- and trichloroacetic acid are separate compounds carrying two or three chlorine atoms.

Is MCA hazardous?

Yes, MCA is highly toxic, corrosive and skin-absorbable. It must be handled with impervious PPE, ventilation and adherence to the SDS.

Is MCA soluble in water?

Yes, monochloroacetic acid dissolves readily in water, forming an acidic, corrosive solution.